What does the decision-making theory proposed by Tiedeman and O'Hara refer to?

The decision-making theory proposed by Tiedeman and O'Hara emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the decision-making process in career development. According to their approach, making a career choice involves two main periods: anticipation and implementation/adjustment.

During the anticipation phase, individuals engage in self-assessment and exploration of their options, considering their values, interests, and the potential outcomes of various career paths. This is followed by the implementation phase, where individuals put their decisions into action. Adjustment is critical here, as it involves navigating any challenges or changes that arise after making a decision. This theory highlights that effective decision-making is not just about reaching a conclusion but also involves ongoing evaluation and adaptation as individuals progress in their careers.

In contrast, the other options focus on narrower aspects of decision-making, such as a singular moment of decision, social influences, or the role of education, which do not encompass the broader, iterative process that Tiedeman and O'Hara describe. Their theory aims to provide a framework for understanding how individuals develop and refine their career choices over time, acknowledging that it's a dynamic and evolving journey rather than a one-time event.